In the aftermath of World War II, seeking to gain a military advantage over the Soviet Union, United States intelligence smuggled over 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians into the U.S. in a covert programed called Operation Paperclip. Some of these former Nazis were involved in despicable war crimes, yet the operation led to the design of rockets putting America on the moon and might have allowed the United States the edge in the Cold War. Is it ever morally permissible to excuse moral evils for the sake of scientific or social progress?

Shirley runs out of baby formula to feed her newborn and heads to the grocery store. After swiping her card at checkout, the distracted cashier tells her she is good to go. Later, when Shirley checks her bank account, she notices that the grocery store payment did not go through. However, after paying her utility bill upon returning home from the store, Shirley no longer has money to go back and pay for the formula. Is it morally wrong for Shirley to keep the formula? To what extent is one morally responsible for an act done in ignorance?

Bt-corn, a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO), is produced to make corn toxic to European corn borer larvae. More broadly, genetic modification produces crops with increased nutritional value and further health benefits that boost quality of life across the world. However, some express concern about unknown health effects of GMOs, as well as potential biodiversity loss their growth prompts. When a specific type of crop (e.g., bt-corn) displaces other strains, different varieties of that crop grow rarer. How should the immediate benefits of GMOs be weighed against future risks posed by a loss of biodiversity?

Following many major sporting upsets, fans of the winning team celebrate victories that result in damages including uprooted goalposts and hospitalized fans. With fines in place to try to prevent such chaos at universities, the act of rushing the field becomes expensive and dangerous for many institutions. But for most fans, it's an experience they'll never forget. To what extent, if at all, are universities and individual fans obligated to curtail participation in these celebrations?

Aria believes the institution of college Greek life is incompatible with her desires to address racial injustice and promote female empowerment. However, she feels the community it could bring would improve her mental heath––maybe she could even use the sorority's substantial audience to promote change from the inside. To what extent is Aria obligated to sacrifice personal satisfaction for the betterment of her community?

For sixty years, Joan has been married to Roy. He recently developed severe Alzheimer's and fails to remember her when she visits him. Joan has fallen out of love for him and, instead, has developed romantic interest in her old friend Dennis. What is Joan's moral obligation to her husband, Roy? Is engaging in a relationship with Dennis morally permissible?